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Spatial Citizenship describes an individual’s ability to interact and participate in societal spatial decision making through the reflexive use of geo-media (e.g. maps, virtual globes and GIS) regarding consumption as well as production and communication. This means, that lay users are able to utilize geo-media to question existing perspectives on action in a certain space (e.g. social rules, spatial planning) and to produce, communicate, and negotiate alternative spatial visions. With this, Spatial Citizenship is an educational approach at the intersection of citizenship and geography education. Its main theoretical reference points are emancipatory forms of citizenship and the mature and reflexive appropriation of space. It gains particular importance through the emergence of the Geoweb. == Reference points in citizenship education == Spatial Citizenship can be distinguished from traditional citizenship education approaches in many respects: * Spatial citizenship respects multiple institutional and locational setups. It is de-linked from traditional citizenship as it accepts multi-scalar and overlapping spaces devised by social action as opposed to the nation or local state as predefined spatial entities. The rules Spatial Citizenship is based upon are human rights and democratic negotiation to ensure a basis for conciliation and compromise. In virtue of this basis, Spatial Citizenship is grounded on the concept of activist citizenship (in contrast to active citizenship) put forward by Mitchell and Elwood, who discuss the legitimacy of certain unquestioned social rules that limit participation.〔Mitchell, Katharyne; Elwood, Sarah (2012): Children's Politics and Civic Engagement: Past,Present, and Future. Presentation at the AAG Annual Meeting, 2012-02-26, New York.〕 Spatial Citizenship refers to an open and flexible concept of social institutions. It supplants the notion of belonging to one specific place with the notion of belonging to multiple and fluid communities that may or may not be linked with a particular location on the Earth’s surface. In so doing, Spatial Citizenship refers for instance to the approach of Stephens and Squire which contends that nowadays societal negotiation processes shift away from fixed communities due to new information technologies.〔Stephens, Angharad C.; Squire, Vicki (2012). “Politics through a web. Citizenship unbound.” Environment and Planning D. Societies and Space. 30: 551–567.〕 * Spatial Citizenship draws special attention to web communities and geo-social networks. A main reference point is the concept of the ‘actualized citizen’ (Bennett et al. 2009),〔Bennett, W. Lance; Wells, Chris; Rank, Allison (2009). “Young citizens and civic learning: Two paradigms of citizenship in the digital age.” Citizenship Studies. 2 13: 105–120.〕 who, in contrast to the ‘dutiful citizen’ concept of the past, is able to use Web 2.0 and cloud-based applications to compare different and potentially contradicting information sources and communicate his/her own, alternative ideas via collaborative web tools. * Finally, Spatial Citizenship adds a spatial component to citizenship education, reflecting in detail on the everyday production of social rules that influence a subject’s action in social space. Spatial citizenship therefore draws on multiple concepts of space and extends beyond the concept of absolute space represented in geo-media. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Spatial Citizenship」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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